![]() The wall has exerted an equal and opposite force back on the swimmer. She pushes against the pool wall with her feet and accelerates in the direction opposite to that of her push. Consider a swimmer pushing off from the side of a pool, as illustrated in Figure 4.9. We can readily see Newton’s third law at work by taking a look at how people move about. Newton’s third law has practical uses in analyzing the origin of forces and understanding which forces are external to a system. We sometimes refer to this law loosely as “action-reaction,” where the force exerted is the action and the force experienced as a consequence is the reaction. This law represents a certain symmetry in nature: Forces always occur in pairs, and one body cannot exert a force on another without experiencing a force itself. Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that it exerts. It is precisely stated in Newton’s third law of motion. Numerous common experiences, such as stubbing a toe or pushing off the floor during a jump, confirm this. ![]() This is exactly what happens whenever one body exerts a force on another-the first also experiences a force (equal in magnitude and opposite in direction). But the force of the ball can do its own damage. Typically, we think of a baseball or softball hitter exerting a force on the incoming ball, and baseball analysts focus on the resulting "exit velocity" as a key statistic. Any pitch can break a bat, but with Rivera's signature pitch-known as a cutter-the ball and the bat frequently came together at a point that shattered the hardwood. The Minnesota Twins offered a unique gift: A chair made of broken bats. Apply Newton's third law to define systems and solve problems of motion.īaseball relief pitcher Mariano Rivera was so highly regarded that during his retirement year, opposing teams conducted farewell presentations when he played at their stadiums.Understand Newton's third law of motion. ![]() By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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